Why is real-world EV range less than the official figure?

Official WLTP range is tested under controlled conditions at moderate temperatures. Real-world driving involves cold weather (which reduces battery performance by up to 25%), motorway speeds (which use more energy due to aerodynamic drag), and heating or air conditioning use.

How much does cold weather affect EV range?

Winter temperatures can reduce EV range by 20-30%. The battery is less efficient in cold conditions, and cabin heating draws significant power. Using a heat pump (fitted to many modern EVs) reduces the heating penalty compared to resistive heaters.

What is a good efficiency for an EV?

Typical efficiency ranges from 3.0-4.5 miles per kWh. Smaller, lighter EVs like the Fiat 500e achieve 4+ mi/kWh, while larger SUVs like the BMW iX may only manage 2.5-3.0 mi/kWh. Driving style has a significant impact.

Should I charge to 100% every time?

Most manufacturers recommend charging to 80% for daily use, reserving 100% for long journeys. Regular charging to 100% can accelerate battery degradation. The top 20% also charges much more slowly.

How do I maximise my EV range?

Drive at moderate speeds (50-60 mph is optimal), use regenerative braking, pre-condition the cabin while plugged in, maintain correct tyre pressures, and avoid unnecessary heating/AC use. Route planning to avoid motorway driving can significantly extend range on longer journeys.

CarCalcs

EV Range Calculator

Estimate real-world EV range based on battery size, efficiency, and driving conditions.

Battery Capacity

Efficiency

Current Charge Level

Season

Include heating/cooling usage

Adds extra energy consumption for cabin climate control

How We Calculate This

This calculator estimates real-world EV range by applying seasonal and usage adjustments to your battery capacity and efficiency figures.

The Formulas

WLTP range = Battery capacity (kWh) x Efficiency (mi/kWh)
Seasonal adjustment: Winter -25%, Autumn -12%, Spring -8%, Summer 0%
Heating penalty: Additional -8% in winter and autumn if heating is used
Current range = Estimated range x (Current charge % / 100)

Frequently Asked Questions

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Last updated: February 2026

All calculations are estimates. Actual figures may vary based on driving conditions, vehicle specifications, and other factors.